Our T10 hemicontusion injury model resulted in allodynia within 7days in a subset of animals. We are confident that our injury model results in neuropathic pain because hypersensitivity developed above and below the level, as well as contralateral to the injury, i.e. at dermatomes that receive their innervation from outside the injury epicentre. This observation is also consistent with findings from an investigation using a C5 hemicontusion injury model and which also found a subset of animals developing allodynia from 7days post-injury that lasted for least 42days [ 47]. Our observation of allodynia on the animals’ dorsum is also consistent with a T13 hemisection injury model that also results in clear development of hypersensitivity in most animals within 7days and that remains persists for several weeks [ 48]. MARCH 24, 2023 - FEBRUARY 4, 2024 Eastern Time Zone. Level 2: Psychotherapie Sensorimotrice pour le traitement des blessures developpementales Wong M, Leung C, Tsang C, Lo S, Griffiths S (2013) The Rising Tide Of Diabetes Mellitus In A Chinese Population: A Population-Based Household Survey On 121,895 Persons. International Journal Of Public Health 58: 269–276.

Avanzino L., Giannini A., Tacchino A., Pelosin E., Ruggeri P., Bove M. (2009). Motor imagery influences the execution of repetitive finger opposition movements. Neurosci. Lett. 466, 11–15. 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.09.036 NOVEMBER 30, 2023 - MAY 23, 2024 Espana (Online). Level 1: Psicoterapia Sensoriomotriz para el tratamiento del trauma - (online) Kirkman M, Williams S, Caffrey H, Marrera D (2002) Impact Of A Program To Improve Adherence To Diabetes Guidlines By Primary Care Physicians. Diabetes Care 25: 1946–1951.SEPTEMBER 4, 2024 - JUNE 6, 2025 Tampere, Finland. Level 2: Sensorimotor Psychotherapy for Developmental & Relational Injury Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.

Bland J, Altman D (2010) Statistical Methods For Assessing Agreement Between Two Methods Of Clinical Measurement. International Journal Of Nursing Studies 47: 931–936. Debarnot U., Clerget E., Olivier E. (2011). Role of the primary motor cortex in the early boost in performance following mental imagery training. PLoS One 6:e26717. 10.1371/journal.pone.0026717 Perkins B, Ngo M, Grewal J, Bril V, Ng E (2006) Validation Of A Novel Point-Of-Care Nerve Conduction Device For The Detection Of Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy. Diabetes Care 29: 2023–2027. JUNE 29, 2023 - FEBRUARY 14, 2024 Italy (Online). Level 1: Psicoterapia Sensoriomotoria per il trattamento del Trauma - (online)JUNE 23, 2023 - MARCH 3, 2024 Eastern Time Zone. Level 2: Sensorimotor Psychotherapy for Developmental & Relational Injury - Online Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions (NMAHP) Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK, and Institutes of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. Blefari M. L., Sulzer J., Hepp-Reymond M.-C., Kollias S., Gassert R. (2015). Improvement in precision grip force control with self-modulation of primary motor cortex during motor imagery. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 9:18. 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00018 JANUARY 18, 2024 - JUNE 1, 2024 Bordeaux, France. Level 1: Psychotherapie Sensorimotrice pour le traitement des traumas FEBRUARY 3, 2024 - MARCH 16, 2025 Pacific Time Zone. Level 3: Advanced Integrative Training in Sensorimotor Psychotherapy - Online

To our knowledge, our study is the first to report a red light-induced locomotor improvement following a spinal cord injury, which contradicts the only other study by Giacci et al. [ 9] that examined 670nm on locomotor recovery with a daily dose of 28.4J/cm 2, an intensity of 15.8mW/cm 2 for 30min, i.e. less than half the intensity of the present study. The compounded effect of reduced intensity and a more severe contusion injury in their study may explain this difference, and furthermore, suggests that matching the appropriate light dosage to the injury severity is of paramount importance. MAY 20, 2023 - DECEMBER 16, 2023 Pacific Time Zone. Level 1: Sensorimotor Psychotherapy for Trauma Themes - Online NOVEMBER 17, 2023 - NOVEMBER 17, 2024 Greenwich Mean Time. Level 2: Sensorimotor Psychotherapy for Developmental & Relational Injury - Online Bokan V (2010) Risk Factors For Diabetic Foot Ulceration-Foot Deformity And Neuropathy. Acta Medica Medianae 49: 19–22.

Navigation menu

Lesser E, Starr J, Kong X, Megerian J, Gozani S (2007) Point-Of-Service Nerve Conduction Studies: An Example Of Industry-Driven Disruptive Innovation In Health Care. Perspectives In Biology And Medicine 50: 40–53. We demonstrate that following spinal cord injury, 35mW/cm 2 of red (670nm) light transcutaneously applied for 30min/day for 7days to the dorsal surface of rats is sufficient to reach the entire spinal cord and reduce the expression of pain behaviours. These reduced signs of allodynia are not due to sensorimotor deficits, as red light treatment improves both sensory and motor function. Alleviated hypersensitivity, improved tactile/proprioception (dorsal column) pathway functional integrity and locomotor functional outcomes are preceded by reduced numbers of dying cells and reduced numbers of activated microglia/macrophages around the injury zone. Furthermore, the proportion of anti-inflammatory/wound-healing (M2) microglia/macrophages is greatly enhanced by 24h following light treatment. Microglia/macrophages can adopt pro- or anti-inflammatory states [ 30]. To determine the effect of red light treatment on the expression of pro-inflammatory (M1) cells, cells co-expressing CD80 and ED1 were quantified as a proportion of total ED1 + cells (Fig. 6e– h, n=5 for each time point). The proportion of CD80 +ED1 + cells ipsilateral to the injury was maximal at day 1 and remained greater than 40% of the ED1 population at days 3 and 7 in more than half of animals. CD80 +ED1 + cells were only found at day 3 on the contralateral side which coincided with the maximum number of ED1 + cells at that time point. Red light treatment did not have a significant impact on the proportion of M1 cells on either the ipsi- or contralateral sides. Note that no CD80 +ED1 + cells were encountered at days 1 and 7 contralateral to the injury as ED1 + cells were also in small quantities at these time points (Fig. 6a).